en:companias:digital_research []

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  <!-- 1. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS -->
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        <h2>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS</h2>
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      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">NAME:</span><span class="dato-valor">Digital Research, Inc. (DRI)</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">ORIGIN:</span><span class="dato-valor">Pacific Grove, California (United States)</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">FOUNDED:</span><span class="dato-valor">October 1974 (by Gary Kildall)</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">STATUS:</span><span class="dato-valor">Historical (Acquired by Novell in 1991)</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">SPECIALIZATION:</span><span class="dato-valor">Operating Systems (CP/M, DR-DOS) & Graphical Interfaces (GEM)</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">HISTORICAL WEB:</span><span class="dato-valor">Replaced / Community Preservation</span></div>
      <div class="dato-linea"><span class="dato-etiqueta">MANAGEMENT:</span><span class="dato-valor">Gary Kildall (Founder / CEO) and Dorothy McEwen (Co-founder / VP)</span></div>
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  <!-- 2. FULL DESCRIPTION -->
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    <div class="pcw-section-title">Historical Background</div>
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      <p>Digital Research, Inc. (DRI) was one of the most influential software companies of the 1970s and 1980s, founded by Gary Kildall. Its role was fundamental for the Amstrad PCW, as it provided the technical infrastructure that allowed this computer to be far more than just a simple electronic word processor.</p>

      <p>Known corporate address:</p>

      <p>The primary and historical headquarters of Digital Research, Inc. (DRI) were located in the coastal city of Pacific Grove, in the state of California, United Kingdom.</p>

      <p>Throughout its history during the 1980s, the company occupied several iconic buildings in that same area:</p>

      <ul>
        <li><strong>Original Main Headquarters</strong>: Located at 801 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950. This is the most famous building, where a commemorative plaque currently recognizes the site as the birthplace of the CP/M operating system and the work of Gary Kildall.</li>
        <li><strong>Other Local Offices</strong>: Due to corporate growth, the company expanded to other nearby locations within the same city:
          <ul>
            <li>Research & Development (R&D): 734 Lighthouse Ave.</li>
            <li>Graphics Division: 165 Central Ave.</li>
            <li>Operating Systems: 160 Central Ave.</li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>

      <p>Pacific Grove is located on the Monterey Peninsula, an area that Gary Kildall specifically chose to distance himself from the industrial bustle of what we know today as Silicon Valley.</p>

      <p>Here are the key details of its relationship with the Amstrad PCW and its history:</p>

      <p><strong>The Operating System: CP/M Plus</strong></p>
      <p>Although the PCW booted into LocoScript by default, every machine included disks with Digital Research's operating system.</p>
      <ul>
        <li><strong>CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers)</strong>: It was the industry standard before MS-DOS existed.</li>
        <li><strong>CP/M Plus (Version 3.0)</strong>: The PCW used the most advanced and polished version of this system. Thanks to it, a PCW user could run professional software of the era, such as the dBase II database or the SuperCalc spreadsheet.</li>
      </ul>

      <p><strong>Educational Software and Languages</strong></p>
      <p>Digital Research did not only supply the operating system but also programming tools for the PCW:</p>
      <ul>
        <li><strong>Dr. Logo</strong>: A highly popular version of the Logo programming language (famous for the drawing "turtle") was adapted specifically to run under CP/M on Amstrad machines.</li>
        <li><strong>Compilers</strong>: They provided versions of languages such as C, Pascal, CBASIC, and PL/I, allowing developers to create advanced software for the PCW.</li>
      </ul>

      <p><strong>The GEM Graphical Interface</strong></p>
      <p>Although it is most remembered on later models (like the Amstrad PC1512), Digital Research created GEM (Graphics Environment Manager).</p>
      <ul>
        <li>It was a windows-and-mouse environment very similar to early Macintosh or Windows environments.</li>
        <li>On the PCW, a simplified version called GSX (Graphics System Extension) was used so the system could handle graphics on a screen that was originally designed only for text.</li>
      </ul>

      <p><strong>The Historical "Mistake" of Digital Research</strong></p>
      <p>The company is famous for one of computing's greatest legends: IBM originally wanted Digital Research to provide the operating system for the first IBM PC in 1981.</p>
      <ul>
        <li>Due to a disagreement on contract signings (or because Gary Kildall was not present that day, depending on the version), IBM ended up hiring a small company called Microsoft, which delivered MS-DOS to them.</li>
        <li>This event marked the decline of Digital Research against the unstoppable rise of Bill Gates.</li>
      </ul>

      <p><strong>The Company's End</strong></p>
      <p>Despite its technical success with machines like the Amstrad PCW, the company could not compete with Microsoft's dominance.</p>
      <ul>
        <li>In 1991, Digital Research was purchased by Novell.</li>
        <li>Its technology survived for a while longer under the name DR-DOS, a direct competitor to MS-DOS that many Amstrad PC users considered superior.</li>
      </ul>
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  <!-- 3. CATALOG OF PRESERVED PRODUCTS -->
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    <div class="pcw-section-title">Preserved Software Products</div>
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      <span class="index-item-main">Operating Systems and Environments</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">CP/M Plus (Control Program for Microcomputers Version 3.0)</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">GSX (Graphics System Extension) / GEM Environment</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">DR-DOS (Later technological evolution)</span>
      
      <span class="index-item-main">Programming Languages and Education</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">DR. Logo (Graphical educational language adapted to CP/M)</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">Pascal/MT</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">Digital Research C</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">CBASIC and PL/I</span>

      <span class="index-item-main">Additional Graphic Tools</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">DR. Graph</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">DR. Draw</span>
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  <!-- 4. ECOSYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS -->
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      <span class="index-item-main">Related Base Systems: Amstrad PCW and Amstrad PC1512</span>
      <span class="index-item-main">Technological Evolution: DR-DOS</span>
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  <!-- 5. VERIFIED HISTORICAL LOCATIONS -->
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    <div class="pcw-section-title">Production Addresses and Offices (USA)</div>
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      <span class="index-item-main">Original Main Headquarters (Birthplace of CP/M)</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">801 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 (Historical building with a commemorative plaque).</span>
      
      <span class="index-item-main">Research & Development (R&D)</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">734 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950.</span>
      
      <span class="index-item-main">Graphics Division</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">165 Central Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950.</span>
      
      <span class="index-item-main">Operating Systems</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">160 Central Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950.</span>

      <span class="index-item-main">Contemporary Telephone Contact</span>
      <span class="index-subitem">Official Technical Assistance in Pacific Grove: (408) 649-3896</span>
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